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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Rod-based Fabrication of Customizable Soft Robotic Pneumatic Gripper Devices for Delicate Tissue Manipulation
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Rod-based Fabrication of Customizable Soft Robotic Pneumatic Gripper Devices for Delicate Tissue Manipulation

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A Gecko-Inspired Soft Passive Gripper.

Arthur Seibel1, Mert Yıldız1, And Berkan Zorlubaş1

  • 1Workgroup on System Technologies and Engineering Design Methodology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel soft passive gripper using fluidic actuators and adhesive tape for gripping. It offers energy-efficient holding but is limited to flat objects.

Keywords:
fluidic elastomer actuatorsgecko-inspired adhesivesoft passive grippersoft robotics

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional robotic grippers often require continuous energy for actuation and holding.
  • Soft grippers offer compliant manipulation but can be complex to design and control.
  • Adhesive-based gripping presents an alternative but often requires active release mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel soft passive gripper design.
  • To demonstrate an energy-efficient gripping and release mechanism for flat objects.
  • To explore the application of adhesive structures in soft robotics.

Main Methods:

  • A soft passive gripper was designed with six fluidic soft bending actuators in a star configuration.
  • Commercial tape with mushroom-shaped adhesive structures was integrated for object adhesion.
  • The gripper's operation relies on actuator bending against gravity and adhesive peeling for release.

Main Results:

  • The passive gripper achieves gripping without continuous energy input for holding.
  • Object release is facilitated by peeling the actuators away from the surface.
  • The gripper's functionality is demonstrated to be effective for flat objects or those with flat surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • The developed soft passive gripper offers a low-energy solution for handling flat objects.
  • The integration of adhesive tape provides a unique release mechanism.
  • Further research could explore expanding the gripper's applicability to non-flat objects.