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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
698
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
771
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

843
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

562
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

384
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Proctitis: a glance beyond inflammatory bowel diseases.

Stefano Rizza1, Massimiliano Mistrangelo2, Davide G Ribaldone1

  • 1Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

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Infectious proctitis, often linked to sexually transmitted infections, requires careful diagnosis beyond inflammatory bowel disease. Prompt identification and treatment of pathogens like gonorrhea and chlamydia are crucial for managing this rectal inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sexual Health

Background:

  • Proctitis, rectal and anal inflammation, is often associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • When IBD therapies fail, clinicians must consider alternative causes, including infections, radiation, ischemia, and trauma.
  • There's a growing incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) causing isolated proctitis, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering infectious etiologies in proctitis, especially STIs.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and approaches for proctitis.
  • To emphasize the role of sexual health and infectious disease specialists in management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical history and physical examination findings.
  • Diagnostic support through endoscopic, serologic, and microbiologic investigations.
  • Emphasis on identifying simultaneous infections by multiple organisms.

Main Results:

  • Common pathogens include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes Simplex virus, and Treponema pallidum.
  • Herpes and Chlamydia infections are more prevalent in HIV-positive MSM patients.
  • Clinical symptoms are often non-specific, complicating etiological diagnosis.
  • Differential diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory findings.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of proctitis requires a comprehensive approach, considering infectious causes.
  • Collaboration with infectious disease and sexual health experts is vital for effective patient management.
  • Timely and appropriate therapies can lead to good prognoses and prevent relapses.