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Related Concept Videos

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Aberrant posterior cingulate connectivity classify first-episode schizophrenia from controls: A machine learning

Sugai Liang1, Wei Deng1, Xiaojing Li2

  • 1Mental Health Center, Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior cingulate cortex connectivity patterns can help classify schizophrenia. This study found distinct functional connectivity differences in first-episode schizophrenia patients, offering potential biomarkers for the disorder.

Keywords:
ClassificationDefault mode networkGradient boostingPosterior cingulate cortexSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is integral to the default mode network (DMN).
  • Altered PCC functional connectivity (FC) is linked to schizophrenia.
  • The utility of PCC-based FC for classifying schizophrenia remains unevaluated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate PCC-based functional connectivity (FC) patterns for distinguishing first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients from healthy controls (HC).
  • To evaluate the potential of PCC FC as a biological classifier for schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional MRI data for a data-driven analysis of PCC-based region- and voxel-wise FC.
  • Employed false discovery rate estimation to identify discriminative PCC FCs.
  • Trained and validated a gradient boosting classifier on independent FES and HC datasets.

Main Results:

  • FES patients showed reduced PCC connectivity with frontal, parahippocampal, anterior cingulate, and parietal regions, alongside hyperconnectivity with temporal regions.
  • Region-wise PCC FC analysis achieved 72.28% accuracy in discriminating FES from HC in independent samples.
  • Voxel-wise analysis yielded a classification accuracy of 68.72%.

Conclusions:

  • First-episode schizophrenia is characterized by a mixed pattern of increased and decreased PCC-based connectivity.
  • Predominant hypoconnectivity between PCC and DMN-associated regions may serve as a differential diagnostic feature.
  • PCC-based FC alterations offer insights into the neuropathophysiology of schizophrenia.