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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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The Cochlear Cleft: CT Correlation With Histopathology.

Milda Pucetaite1, Alicia M Quesnel2, Amy F Juliano3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|March 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The cochlear cleft, a CT finding anterior to the oval window, is fatty marrow from incomplete otic capsule ossification. This finding can occur in adults and is distinct from otosclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Otopathology
  • Temporal bone imaging
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • The cochlear cleft is a radiologic finding on computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone.
  • It appears as a small, low-density area anterior to the oval window.
  • Its exact histologic correlate has not been definitively established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the histologic basis of the cochlear cleft observed on CT.
  • To compare CT findings with temporal bone histopathology in specimens with identified cochlear clefts.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution postmortem CT scans of three temporal bone specimens were reviewed.
  • These specimens were obtained from individuals of varying ages (34 weeks gestation, 42 years, and 89 years).
  • CT findings were correlated with detailed temporal bone histopathology.

Main Results:

  • The cochlear cleft on CT corresponds histologically to fatty marrow.
  • This fatty marrow is located in regions of incomplete endochondral ossification of the otic capsule.
  • The cochlear cleft is a distinct entity from the fissula ante fenestram and can be present in adult temporal bones.

Conclusions:

  • The cochlear cleft represents a normal variation of incomplete ossification, characterized by fatty marrow.
  • This finding is not indicative of pathology such as otosclerosis.
  • Radiologists should be aware of the cochlear cleft's appearance on temporal bone CT to avoid misinterpretation as disease.