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Published on: May 6, 2013
Fulminant type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review of an autoimmune condition
Shuoming Luo1,2, Xiaoxi Ma1,2, Xia Li1,2
1Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Abstract:
Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a subset of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid pancreatic β-cell destruction with aggressive progression of hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis. It was initially classified as idiopathic type 1 diabetes due to the absence of autoimmune markers. However, subsequent studies provide evidences supporting the involvement of autoimmunity in rapid β-cell loss in FT1D pathogenesis, which are crucial for FT1D being an autoimmune disease. This article highlights the role of immunological aspects in FT1D according to the autoimmune-associated genetic background, viral infection, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and pancreas histology.
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