[PSA derivative indicators in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: Advances in studies]

Serum PSA is a most widely used biomarker for prostate cancer, which can help effectively screen out the high-risk population of prostate cancer and monitor the changes of the disease. However, the specificity of serum total PSA (tPSA) is poor and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. In recent years, a series of PSA derivative indicators have been developed, which can be used in combination with other diagnostic methods, such as MRI, ultrasonography, digital rectal examination, and other tumor markers, to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis, assess the malignancy, invasiveness and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, and make prostatic biopsy decisions. This review summarizes the advances in the application of PSA derivative indicators on the diagnosis of prostate cancer.