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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Variational principles and nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

P Ván1,2,3, R Kovács1,2,3

  • 1Department of Theoretical Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege Miklós u. 29-33, 1525 Budapest, Hungary.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|April 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores constructing physics evolution equations. It proposes using the second law of thermodynamics as a unified tool for both dissipative and non-dissipative systems, offering a new approach beyond traditional variational principles.

Keywords:
KortewegNewtonian gravitymetriplecticphase fieldssymplectic

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • Variational principles are crucial for deriving physics evolution equations, but struggle with dissipative systems.
  • Dissipative systems present challenges due to non-unique and non-constructive variational principles.
  • Modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics offers methods to derive evolution equations for dissipative phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare thermodynamic and variational techniques for deriving evolution equations.
  • To investigate an alternative approach for constructing evolution equations for dissipative systems.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of the second law of thermodynamics in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of demonstrative examples.
  • Comparison of modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics with variational methods.
  • Analysis of the second law of thermodynamics as a constructive tool.

Main Results:

  • Variational principles are not always suitable for dissipative systems.
  • Nonequilibrium thermodynamics can reproduce structures of non-dissipative equations.
  • The second law of thermodynamics shows potential as a universal tool for constructing evolution equations.

Conclusions:

  • Searching for variational principles for dissipative systems may be less fruitful than alternative methods.
  • The second law of thermodynamics offers a viable and effective program for deriving evolution equations.
  • This approach unifies the treatment of both dissipative and non-dissipative processes.