Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

6.8K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
6.8K
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

1.1K
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
1.1K
Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

29.4K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.4K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

8.2K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
8.2K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.0K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.0K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.8K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mismatch type impacts interference and priming activities in the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Rapid CRISPR-Cas9 target-strand nicking can provide phage resistance by reducing DNA abundance.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

CRISPR-Cas9 target-strand nicking provides phage resistance by inhibiting replication.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

The impact of the GLOSSY2 and GLOSSY2-LIKE BAHD-proteins in affecting the product profile of the maize fatty acid elongase.

Frontiers in plant science·2024
Same author

CRISPR-Cas12a exhibits metal-dependent specificity switching.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

CRISPR-Cas12a exhibits metal-dependent specificity switching.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same journal

The exquisite mechanics of a tsetse bite.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Distinct involvements of the subthalamic nucleus subpopulations in reward-biased decision-making in monkeys.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Pink1-mediated mitophagy in the endothelium releases proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA and activates neutrophil responses during inflammation.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Restraint of melanoma progression by cells in the local skin environment.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Brawn before bite in endemic Asian eutherian mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Experimental evolution to thermal stress indicates climate resilience in a cosmopolitan arthropod.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants
08:10

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants

Published on: October 12, 2018

11.7K

An adaptable defense.

Michael A Schelling1, Dipali G Sashital1

  • 1Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States.

Elife
|April 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial defense against phage threats is influenced by their surroundings. Understanding this environmental context is key to predicting bacterial survival strategies.

Keywords:
CRISPRbacteriabacterial immunitybacteriophagecoevolutioninfectious diseasemicrobiology

More Related Videos

Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge
08:38

Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge

Published on: April 9, 2012

20.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

4.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants
08:10

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants

Published on: October 12, 2018

11.7K
Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge
08:38

Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge

Published on: April 9, 2012

20.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria.
  • Phage-bacteria interactions are crucial in various ecosystems.
  • Bacterial defense mechanisms against phages are diverse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the local environment affects bacterial responses to phage predation.
  • To understand the ecological factors influencing bacterial resistance and susceptibility to phages.

Main Methods:

  • Environmental sampling from diverse bacterial habitats.
  • Bacterial culture and phage challenge assays.
  • Analysis of environmental parameters and their correlation with bacterial defense.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial defense strategies varied significantly based on environmental conditions.
  • Specific environmental factors were identified that either enhance or suppress bacterial resistance to phages.
  • The local microbial community composition influenced phage-bacterial dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial responses to phage threats are not solely intrinsic but are heavily modulated by the local environment.
  • Ecological context is a critical determinant of phage-bacteria coevolutionary trajectories.
  • Future research should consider environmental factors when studying bacterial immunity and phage therapy.