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In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
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Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives

Stefania Raimondo1, Marzia Pucci1, Riccardo Alessandro1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cancer cells evade immune responses using extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review explores how tumor-derived EVs regulate immune checkpoints, particularly the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, for novel cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer immune evasion is a key challenge in oncology.
  • Tumor cells develop mechanisms to establish immune tolerance.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) in cancer immune evasion.
  • To focus on how TEVs regulate immune checkpoints, specifically the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting TEV-mediated immune modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating extracellular vesicle (EV) function in cancer.
  • Focus on research detailing the interaction between TEVs and immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated as a mechanism for cancer immune escape.
  • Tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) induce phenotypic changes in immune cells, promoting immune tolerance.
  • TEVs play a significant role in regulating immune checkpoints, including the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are critical mediators of immune evasion in cancer.
  • Targeting TEVs and their interaction with immune checkpoints like PD-L1/PD-1 offers promising therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into TEV biology can lead to novel cancer immunotherapies.
Keywords:
PD-1/PD-L1 axiscancer immune toleranceextracellular vesicles (EVs)immune checkpoints

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