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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
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Faceted gratings for an optical security feature.

Qiang Song, Yoran Eli Pigeon, Kevin Heggarty

    Applied Optics
    |April 1, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel diffractive blazed grating array (DBA) offers a unique visual security feature. This method optimizes grating cell design for mass production using nanoimprint technology.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Optical security features are crucial for product authentication and anti-counterfeiting.
    • Diffractive optical elements offer miniaturization and unique functionalities for security applications.
    • Existing methods for creating diffractive gratings can be complex and costly for mass production.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a method for optimizing and manufacturing a diffractive blazed grating array (DBA) for visual security features.
    • To develop a two-step optimization algorithm for grating cell period and orientation.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of mass production using roll-to-roll nanoimprint technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and simulation of a pure phase grating array with 75 µm blazed grating cells.

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  • Development of a two-step optimization method for grating cell parameters.
  • Fabrication of the DBA sample using a home-built parallel direct-write photoplotter (0.75 µm resolution).
  • Validation through numerical simulations and optical experiments.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed method successfully creates a visual security feature when illuminated by a divergent LED source.
    • The two-step optimization algorithm effectively determines grating cell period and orientation.
    • Optical experiments and simulations confirmed the functionality of the fabricated DBA.
    • The surface relief structure is suitable for mass replication via roll-to-roll nanoimprint.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed diffractive blazed grating array serves as an effective optical security component.
    • The design algorithm and fabrication method enable scalable production of advanced optical security elements.
    • This technology has potential applications beyond security, including light-shaping and specialized illumination systems.