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Related Concept Videos

Meridians01:28

Meridians

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In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
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Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
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Magnetic Declination01:19

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Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

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The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Eyestalk Ablation to Increase Ovarian Maturation in Mud Crabs
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Moon with amethyst hues during full eclipse from tropical region.

Marija Strojnik

    Applied Optics
    |April 1, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study documents the first amethyst Moon observations near the Tropic of Cancer during a 2019 lunar eclipse. The unique blue hue results from light scattering during mid-eclipse, offering insights into atmospheric optics.

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Atmospheric Optics

    Background:

    • Lunar eclipses provide unique opportunities to study Earth's atmosphere.
    • Unusual lunar coloration, like the "amethyst Moon," requires detailed observation and explanation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document and analyze the first recorded observations of an amethyst Moon.
    • To investigate the optical phenomena responsible for the amethyst coloration during a lunar eclipse.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational astronomy during a total lunar eclipse on January 20, 2019.
    • Geographical positioning near the Tropic of Cancer (21°7.745′N) at 2000m altitude.
    • Analysis of color transition from red to amethyst blue at mid-eclipse.

    Main Results:

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  • First documented observation of an amethyst Moon south of the Tropic of Cancer.
  • Observed color transition from brownish-red to amethyst blue during mid-eclipse.
  • Moon was nearly in zenith over Leon, Mexico, during the event.

    • Conclusions:

    • The amethyst color is attributed to the scattering of sunlight by Earth's atmosphere during a lunar eclipse.
    • Red light rays are less able to refract into the Earth's shadow's axial regions.
    • Blue rays, though scarce, are still incident on the lunar surface, creating the observed amethyst hue.