Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Automatic diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and segmentation of necrotic regions using deep learning at computed tomography: a real-world multicenter study.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026

Same author

Cel-LDH dual-functional nanotherapy simultaneously promotes microglial efferocytosis and alleviates neuronal apoptosis for spinal cord injury recovery.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026

Same author

Clinical characteristics and factors associated with different BASP subtypes of androgenetic alopecia.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Self-adaptive cleaning technology for artillery laser ignition windows based on current feedback.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

scMarkerGene: an interpretable neural network framework for cell-type-specific marker gene discovery.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2026

Same author

MedSAM-guided geometry-aware 2D-3D feature fusion for medical image registration.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

Comprehensive polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency sensitivity to tilt error for multilayer diffractive

Liangliang Yang, Chenglin Liu, Renjia Guo

|April 1, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) experience reduced efficiency with tilt errors under oblique incidence. This study presents a model to determine tilt error tolerance for MLDOEs, crucial for optical system design.

More Related Videos

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Optical Engineering
Diffractive Optics

Background:

Multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) are critical components in imaging systems, often operating under oblique incidence.
Polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency (PIDE) is highly sensitive to incident angles, necessitating analysis of tilt error effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a theoretical model analyzing the impact of tilt error on diffraction efficiency and PIDE under oblique incidence.
To establish an analysis model for comprehensive PIDE considering incident angle ranges and tilt errors in MLDOEs.
To investigate tilt error tolerance, including its interplay with decenter error, for MLDOEs.

Main Methods:

Development of a theoretical model correlating diffraction efficiency with tilt error under oblique incidence.
Establishment of an analysis model for comprehensive PIDE across varying incident angles and tilt errors.
Simulation-based analysis to evaluate the sensitivity of comprehensive PIDE to tilt angles.

Main Results:

Comprehensive PIDE demonstrates significant sensitivity to tilt angles under oblique incidence.
The study successfully determines tilt error tolerance based on comprehensive PIDE.
Tilt error tolerance is further analyzed in conjunction with decenter error, optimizing for maximum comprehensive PIDE.

Conclusions:

The developed model and simulation results provide a method to guide the formulation of tilt error tolerances for MLDOEs.
Understanding tilt error effects is essential for the reliable performance of MLDOEs in hybrid optical systems.
The findings are applicable to the design and tolerance analysis of MLDOEs in practical optical applications.