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Compact cross-slot waveguide polarization beam splitter using a sandwich-type coupler.

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    |April 1, 2020
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    This study introduces a compact silicon waveguide polarization beam splitter (PBS) using a novel sandwich coupler. The device achieves efficient splitting of TE and TM polarized light with a small footprint and high extinction ratio.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Devices

    Background:

    • Polarization beam splitters (PBS) are crucial components in integrated optical systems for managing light polarization.
    • Existing PBS designs often face challenges with footprint size, insertion loss, and polarization extinction ratio.
    • Silicon-based waveguides offer advantages for on-chip optical integration due to their high refractive index and mature fabrication processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a compact silicon-based cross-slot waveguide (CSW) polarization beam splitter (PBS).
    • To achieve efficient separation of TE and TM polarized modes using a sandwich-type coupler.
    • To optimize the PBS for a small footprint, high polarization extinction ratio (PER), and low insertion loss (IL).

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a sandwich-type coupler using two identical CSWs and a horizontal slot waveguide (HSW).
    • Utilizing the strong birefringence of the HSW to adjust the coupling length ratio between TE and TM modes by varying the gap width.
    • Incorporating S-bend sections for light decoupling and separation.

    Main Results:

    • A compact PBS with a footprint of approximately 12 µm was achieved.
    • High PER values of 24.12 dB for TM and 21.14 dB for TE modes were obtained at 1.55 µm wavelength.
    • Low insertion losses of 0.17 dB (TM) and 0.53 dB (TE) were demonstrated.
    • The device exhibited a wide operational bandwidth covering the full C-band while maintaining PER > 15 dB and IL < 1 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed CSW-based PBS offers a compact and efficient solution for polarization management in on-chip optical systems.
    • The sandwich-type coupler design effectively utilizes birefringence for mode splitting.
    • The demonstrated performance metrics suggest suitability for various integrated photonic applications requiring precise polarization control.