Topological charge of a linear combination of optical vortices: topological competition

We theoretically show that optical vortices conserve the integer topological charge (TC) when passing through an arbitrary aperture or shifted from the optical axis of an arbitrary axisymmetric carrier beam. If the beam contains a finite number of off-axis optical vortices with same-sign different TC, the resulting TC of the beam is shown to equal the sum of all constituent TCs. If the beam is composed of an on-axis superposition of Laguerre-Gauss modes (n, 0), the resulting TC equals that of the mode with the highest TC. If the highest positive and negative TCs of the constituent modes are equal in magnitude, the "winning" TC is the one with the larger absolute value of the weight coefficient. If the constituent modes have the same weight coefficients, the resulting TC equals zero. If the beam is composed of two on-axis different-amplitude Gaussian vortices with different TC, the resulting TC equals that of the constituent vortex with the larger absolute value of the weight coefficient amplitude, irrespective of the correlation between the individual TCs. In the case of equal weight coefficients of both optical vortices, TC of the entire beam equals the greatest TC by absolute value. We have given this effect the name "topological competition of optical vortices".