Incoherent detection sensor design approach using Gaussian optics

An incoherent optical detection sensor (often referred to as energy or direct detection sensor) used for remote detection and ranging purposes is a useful tool. While the accuracy and robustness of an incoherent sensor relative to a coherent sensor may be lacking particularly in cluttered environments, it has a place in the world due to its simplicity and performance. With this, a best design approach is sought to meet requirements in a stochastic fashion. In developing the design approach, motivations are borrowed from decades of research in radar systems. This article provides a sensor- or top-level design approach for an incoherent optical detection sensor based mainly on paths developed in radar.