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European bat lyssaviruses: Distribution, prevalence and implications for conservation.

S L Harris1,2, S M Brookes2, G Jones1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.

Biological Conservation
|April 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

European bat lyssaviruses (EBLVs) are a concern, with surveillance detecting EBLV-2 in UK bats. Active surveillance found no live virus, indicating a need for continued monitoring and research for bat conservation and public health.

Keywords:
ConservationDiseaseEuropean bat lyssavirusRabiesSurveillanceZoonoses

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Zoonotic Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • Bats (Order Chiroptera) are reservoirs for various viral diseases, including Lyssaviruses.
  • European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) and European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2) are present in Europe, with EBLV-1 primarily in *Eptesicus serotinus* and EBLV-2 in *Myotis* species.
  • Since 1977, 783 EBLV cases have been recorded in Europe, highlighting the public health significance of these zoonotic viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and distribution of European bat lyssaviruses in the United Kingdom.
  • To compare findings from passive and active surveillance programs for EBLVs in UK bats.
  • To inform bat conservation strategies and public health policies regarding lyssavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Passive surveillance (1987-2004) tested 4871 bats for lyssaviruses, identifying four *Myotis daubentonii* positive for EBLV-2.
  • Active surveillance (initiated 2003) involved antibody testing in *M. daubentonii* (n=350) and *E. serotinus* (n=52).
  • Analysis of viral RNA and live virus detection was conducted as part of the surveillance programs.

Main Results:

  • Passive surveillance detected EBLV-2 in 3.57% of submitted *M. daubentonii*.
  • Active surveillance revealed an EBLV-2 antibody prevalence of 1-5% in *M. daubentonii* and one case of EBLV-1 antibodies in *E. serotinus*.
  • Crucially, no live lyssavirus infections or viral RNA were detected through active surveillance, suggesting a low risk of active transmission in the monitored bat populations.

Conclusions:

  • While EBLVs are present in UK bats, active surveillance indicates no current live infections detected.
  • Continued research on EBLV prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, and immunity is essential.
  • Integrated bat conservation efforts in Europe require informed policy decisions for human and wildlife health.