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Risk for undernutrition and development of pressure injury in hospitalised patients in Brazil: Multicentre

Letícia F Serpa1, Alcicléa S Oliveira2, Paula C Nogueira3

  • 1Faculty of Education in Health Sciences (FECS), Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil.

International Wound Journal
|April 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

High risk for undernutrition significantly increases the likelihood of developing preventable pressure injuries (PI) in hospitalized patients. Early nutritional screening is crucial for mitigating PI risk.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Pressure injury (PI) remains a significant challenge in healthcare despite being preventable.
  • Undernutrition is a suspected risk factor for PI, but requires further investigation in diverse hospital settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between high risk for undernutrition and the development of PI.
  • To compare the efficacy of different nutritional screening tools in identifying patients at risk for PI.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 1937 adult patients across six hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • Nutritional risk was assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002), Braden Scale Nutrition Subscale (BSNS), and Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status (SGANS).
  • Pressure injury risk was evaluated using the Braden Scale; data were analyzed using Poisson regression.

Main Results:

  • 57.1% of patients screened positive for undernutrition risk using NRS 2002, compared to 36.8% (BSNS) and 2.6% (SGANS).
  • The cumulative incidence of PI was 5.9%.
  • Patients who developed PI showed high undernutrition risk: 91.2% (NRS 2002), 56.2% (BSNS), and 18.4% (SGANS).

Conclusions:

  • High risk for undernutrition is a significant risk factor for developing pressure injuries in hospitalized patients.
  • The NRS 2002 identified a substantially higher proportion of patients at risk for undernutrition compared to BSNS and SGANS.
  • Implementing robust nutritional screening protocols is essential for pressure injury prevention strategies.

Keywords:
nursingnutritional screeningpressure injuryrisk factors

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