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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Relationship of peroxidation indicators and hemograms in children with hip joint pathology.

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[Perthes disease: immunological aspects.]

M P Teplen'kiy1, M V Chepeleva1, E I Kuznetsova1

  • 1FSBI Russian Ilizarov Scientific Centre «Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics» of the RF Ministry of Health, 640014, Kurgan, Russian Federation.

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Immune responses in Perthes disease show increased neutrophil activity and specific cytokine profiles. These immune markers can help stage the disease and predict outcomes, aiding surgical decisions.

Keywords:
IL-1βTNFacellular immunityhumoral immunityof femoral head osteochondropathyphagocytic activity of neutrophils

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Perthes disease involves osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children.
  • Understanding immune system involvement is crucial for disease staging and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cellular and humoral immunity, cytokine status, and neutrophil phagocytic activity in Perthes disease Stages II and III.
  • To identify immune markers for disease staging and predicting osteonecrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Studied immune parameters in 29 boys (8-12 years) with Perthes disease Stages II (fragmentation) and III (re-ossification).
  • Assessed cellular immunity (T-lymphocytes, activation markers), humoral immunity (immunoglobulins), cytokine profiles (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-18), and neutrophil phagocytic activity.

Main Results:

  • Perthes disease showed increased neutrophil phagocytic activity, early extracellular traps, elevated IL-1β and TNFα, IgE, and decreased IL-18.
  • Stage II (fragmentation) had moderate cellular immunity activation (CD25+ T-lymphocytes).
  • Stage III (re-ossification) showed late T-lymphocyte activation (HLADR+) and humoral immunity activation (IgA, IgG).

Conclusions:

  • Immune profiles differ between Perthes disease fragmentation and re-ossification stages.
  • Immune data may serve as additional criteria for staging Perthes disease and predicting osteonecrosis.
  • Findings can inform decisions regarding reconstructive surgery feasibility.