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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
Published on: June 23, 2023
Backbone Boron-Functionalized Imidazoles/Imidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structure, Metalation Studies, and Fluoride
Iruthayaraj Avinash1, Sabeeha Parveen1, Ganapathi Anantharaman1
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
Abstract:
Incorporation of a Lewis acidic BMes2 (Mes = mesityl) moiety at the backbone of the imidazole ring was achieved by metal-halogen exchange procedure. Among them, two isomeric boron-phosphine functionalized imidazoles (3 and 6), monoboron-functionalized imidazoles (4 and 5), and its corresponding imidazolium salts were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The solid-state structure of 3 reveals a dimeric B-N adduct that possesses six-membered [C-B-N]2 ring, and 5 crystallizes as tetrameric B-N adduct that forms an interesting 16-membered macrocycle, whereas 4 and 6 were obtained as monomeric BMes2-substituted imidazoles. 6 behaves as a P^N-type ligand upon the coordination with CuI to afford luminescent L2Cu4I4-type metal complexes (10 and 11) whose photophysical properties were also studied. The presence (in 10) and the absence (in 11) of BMes2 made a remarkable impact on fluorescence emission causing shift from the green (10) to orange (11) region. The fluoride sensing properties of BMes2-containing imidazoles (4 to 9) were studied using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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