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Related Concept Videos

Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Covalent Organic Frameworks in Separation.

Saikat Das1, Jie Feng1, Wei Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; email: saikatdasind@yahoo.com, fengj2015@lzu.edu.cn, wang_wei@lzu.edu.cn.

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|April 2, 2020
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Summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are advanced porous polymers revolutionizing sustainable development. This review details their use in diverse separation processes, highlighting their potential for clean energy and environmental applications.

Keywords:
chiral separationcovalent organic frameworksgas separationmembraneorganic solvent nanofiltrationwater purification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • The drive for sustainable development necessitates energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a key class of designable crystalline porous polymers.
  • COFs offer potential for various clean-energy and environmental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of COFs (bulk powders, nanosheets, films, membranes).
  • To examine the application of COFs in diverse separation processes, including gas separation, pervaporation, nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations.
  • To analyze the influence of COF properties like pore size, host-guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability on separation performance.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of COF applications in separation technologies.
  • Analysis of fabrication strategies for COF-based nanosheets, films, and membranes.
  • Evaluation of performance metrics such as selectivity and permeability in various separation contexts.

Main Results:

  • COFs demonstrate significant potential across a spectrum of separation challenges, from gas mixtures to complex aqueous and organic solutions.
  • The performance of COFs is strongly correlated with their structural characteristics, including pore size and surface chemistry.
  • Various fabrication methods enable the tailoring of COFs into suitable formats for membrane-based separations.

Conclusions:

  • COFs represent a promising platform for advanced separation technologies, contributing to green chemistry and sustainable development.
  • Further research into COF fabrication and structure-property relationships will unlock broader applications in environmental remediation and clean energy.
  • Comparing COFs with other porous polymers reveals their unique advantages and identifies future research directions.