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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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How should we evaluate robotics in the operating theatre?

Hannes Vermue1, Jasper Lambrechts1, Thomas Tampere1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.

The Bone & Joint Journal
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Robot-assisted knee surgery shows a learning curve for operating time and surgical team stress, particularly in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Experience did not impact implant positioning or complications.

Keywords:
Knee arthroplastyLearning curveRobotics

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Robotics in Medicine
  • Surgical Education

Background:

  • The use of robotics in knee arthroplasty is debated, with a lack of clear guidelines for assessing new robotic systems.
  • A learning curve is often associated with the introduction of new surgical technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing evidence on the learning curve associated with robot-assisted knee arthroplasty.
  • To evaluate how surgical experience impacts key outcomes in robotic knee procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).
  • Included studies were randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, and cohort studies.
  • Outcomes analyzed included operative time, surgical team stress, complications, and alignment relative to experience.

Main Results:

  • Operating time for robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) demonstrated learning curves of 6-20 and 6-36 cases, respectively.
  • Surgical team stress levels showed a learning curve of approximately 7 cases for TKA and 6 cases for UKA.
  • No significant influence of robotic system experience was found on implant positioning, preoperative planning, or postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

  • Robot-assisted TKA and UKA are associated with a learning curve impacting operative duration and surgical team stress.
  • Future research should meticulously measure all components of operative time and report surgical team experience.
  • Standardized assessment protocols are needed for evaluating robotic systems in knee arthroplasty.