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Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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TGF-beta: a master immune regulator.

Christopher Larson1, Bryan Oronsky1, Corey A Carter1

  • 1EpicentRx, San Diego, CA, USA.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) acts as a master immune checkpoint in cancer, suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Targeting TGF-β may enhance current immunotherapies and predict patient response.

Keywords:
Checkpoint InhibitorsTGF-βimmune regulationimmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) is a key regulator of cellular functions, including immune responses.
  • In cancer, TGF-β promotes tumor growth through immunosuppression, potentially overriding other immune checkpoints.
  • Current immune checkpoint inhibitors benefit only a subset of patients, indicating a need for broader targeting strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review therapeutic agents targeting TGF-β signaling pathways for cancer treatment.
  • To propose TGF-β as a master immune checkpoint in cancer.
  • To explore TGF-β's role in predicting response to immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of therapeutic agents targeting TGF-β and its signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of TGF-β's role in the tumor microenvironment and its association with treatment resistance.
  • Evaluation of current biomarkers for immunotherapy response.

Main Results:

  • TGF-β overexpression is a common hallmark of multiple cancer types, associated with excluded or "cold" tumors.
  • TGF-β presence correlates with resistance to existing immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Existing biomarkers (PD-1, PD-L1, MSI, TMB) are insufficient for predicting immunotherapy response.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β may function as a master checkpoint, influencing the efficacy of other immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Targeting TGF-β could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome treatment resistance.
  • TGF-β status holds potential as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy responsiveness.