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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Revisiting the complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Madhubala Sharma1, Pandiarajan Vignesh1, Karalanglin Tiewsoh1

  • 1Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defective early complement components increase lupus risk, while overactivation causes organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Understanding complement

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosuscomplementdiagnosticsmonogenic defectspathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production.
  • Defective function of early complement components is crucial in SLE pathogenesis, particularly in clearing immune complexes and apoptotic debris.
  • Genetic defects in early complement components (C1q, C1s, C1r, C2, C4) are linked to severe lupus development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hereditary and acquired complement defects in SLE.
  • To explore the role of complement in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and lupus nephritis.
  • To discuss laboratory assessment of complement components and functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of articles from the past 20 years.
  • PubMed database search for relevant studies on complement and SLE.

Main Results:

  • Hereditary deficiencies in early complement components predispose individuals to SLE.
  • Acquired complement defects also contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
  • Complement activation plays a dual role: deficiency increases risk, while excess activation contributes to organ damage.

Conclusions:

  • Complement components have a critical, dual role in SLE pathogenesis.
  • Understanding complement's intricate role is key to developing targeted SLE therapies.
  • Further research into complement pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for SLE and related conditions.