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Factors associated with oxidative stress status in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Dragana Kacarevic1, Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic1, Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|April 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is linked to cardiometabolic risk factors and impaired renal function. These factors significantly predict oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant defenses in children with T1DM.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is a known contributor to the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • Elevated oxidative stress biomarkers are observed in T1DM patients across all disease stages, from newly diagnosed to advanced disease.
  • Understanding the factors influencing oxidative stress is crucial for managing T1DM in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and laboratory factors associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant status in pediatric patients with T1DM.
  • To identify specific risk factors contributing to elevated oxidative stress markers.
  • To explore the relationship between cardiometabolic risk, renal function, and oxidative stress in children with T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 170 children and adolescents with T1DM.
  • Measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers: Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) and Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB).
  • Assessment of antioxidant defense markers: total sulfhydryl (SH) groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
  • Principal component analysis to identify clusters of clinical and laboratory variables related to oxidative stress.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis identified five key factors: weight status, proatherogenic, metabolic control, renal marker, and antiatherogenic.
  • High AOPP levels were independently predicted by proatherogenic, metabolic control, and renal marker factors.
  • The renal marker factor significantly predicted PAB, while the proatherogenic factor predicted reduced SH groups.
  • The weight status factor was associated with lower SOD activity.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiometabolic risk factors, including lipid profiles and glycemic control, are significantly associated with increased oxidative stress in pediatric T1DM.
  • Impaired renal function markers are linked to both oxidative stress and prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance in these patients.
  • Weight status and metabolic control influence antioxidant defense mechanisms in children with T1DM.

Keywords:
antioxidantsbiomarkerscardiometabolic factorschildrenoxidative damage

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