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Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity.

Philip M Barnes1, Laura M Wallace2, Demian M Saffer3

  • 1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 6021, New Zealand.

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Slow slip events (SSEs) are better understood thanks to new research at New Zealand's Hikurangi subduction zone. Heterogeneous fault properties and complex geology appear to promote these significant tectonic plate movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tectonics
  • Seismology

Background:

  • Slow slip events (SSEs) accommodate significant tectonic plate motion at subduction zones.
  • The specific faults hosting SSEs, particularly at shallow depths, remain poorly understood.
  • The Hikurangi subduction zone provides a unique setting to study shallow SSEs (<2 km depth).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical properties of fault rocks involved in shallow slow slip events.
  • To link geophysical imaging with direct sampling of subduction zone materials.
  • To understand the role of material heterogeneity in promoting SSEs.

Main Methods:

  • International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions for direct sampling of subduction zone material.
  • Analysis of drilled rock samples to determine lithological and physical properties.
  • Integration of drilling data with regional seismic reflection imaging.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous lithologies and variable physical properties were identified in the material entering the SSE source region.
  • These heterogeneous materials are located at shallow depths (<2 km) offshore New Zealand.
  • Observations suggest a link between fault zone heterogeneity and SSE occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Lithological, mechanical, and frictional heterogeneity within the fault zone promote SSEs and slow earthquake phenomena.
  • Geometric complexity, such as the subduction of rough crust, further enhances SSEs.
  • Shallow SSEs at Hikurangi offer insights into the fundamental processes governing plate motion accommodation.