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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

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Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Cage-like silsesquioxanes-based hybrid materials.

Yajing Du¹, Hongzhi Liu

¹Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China. liuhongzhi@sdu.edu.cn.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|April 2, 2020

Summary

Cage-like silsesquioxanes are versatile building blocks for advanced hybrid materials. This perspective reviews recent progress, challenges, and future directions in their development and application.

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemistry

Background:

Cage-like silsesquioxanes are highly versatile building blocks for hybrid materials.
Their unique structures and excellent performance make them ideal for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight recent advances in cage-like silsesquioxane-based hybrid materials.
To review existing issues, challenges, and future prospects in this field.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on monomer functionalization.
Analysis of materials preparation techniques.
Exploration of diverse applications.

Main Results:

Significant progress in functionalization and preparation of silsesquioxane-based materials.
Demonstration of diverse applications.
Identification of current challenges and future opportunities.

Conclusions:

Cage-like silsesquioxanes are crucial for developing novel hybrid materials.
Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges and exploit their full potential.