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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Reprograming the tumor immunologic microenvironment using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma.

Chuangzhong Deng1,2, Yanyang Xu1,2, Jianchang Fu2,3

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.

Cancer Science
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells impact osteosarcoma (OS) progression. Chemotherapy increases immune cells like T cells and PD-L1+ cells, potentially making OS an immune "hot" tumor.

Keywords:
CIBERSORTneoadjuvant chemotherapyosteosarcomatumor-infiltrating immune cellstumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

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A Mouse Model of Incompletely Resected Soft Tissue Sarcoma for Testing Neoadjuvant Therapies
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are critical for cancer progression and treatment response.
  • Limited and controversial data exist on immune cell roles in osteosarcoma (OS).
  • The dynamic immune cell changes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in OS remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the immune cell landscape in osteosarcoma.
  • To investigate the dynamic changes in immune cell infiltration after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  • To explore the potential of immunotherapy in osteosarcoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RNA sequencing data from 80 OS patients via the TARGET database.
  • Employed CIBERSORT to quantify 22 immune cell types based on gene expression.
  • Validated findings using immunohistochemistry on matched biopsy and surgical samples from 27 patients.

Main Results:

  • M2 macrophages were the most abundant immune cell type, correlating with better OS patient survival.
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increased densities of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Ki67+ CD8+ T cells, and PD-L1+ immune cells.
  • Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) decreased post-chemotherapy, suggesting a shift towards an anti-tumor immune environment.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy may enhance the local immune response in osteosarcoma, potentially converting it into an immune "hot" tumor.
  • These findings support further investigation into immunotherapy schedules for osteosarcoma patients.
  • Understanding immune cell dynamics is crucial for optimizing osteosarcoma treatment strategies.