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The keratoconus enigma: A review with emphasis on pathogenesis
1San Raffaele Hospital, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, Italy.
The Ocular Surface
|April 3, 2020
Summary
Keratoconus (KC) may be linked to atopy and inflammation, challenging its non-inflammatory definition. Higher prevalence in certain ethnicities suggests KC might be an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, not a rare condition.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Genetics
- Immunology
Background:
- Keratoconus (KC) is traditionally defined as a non-inflammatory corneal ectasia.
- Understanding the etiopathogenesis of KC is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on the causes and development of keratoconus (KC).
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar.
- Analysis included epidemiology studies, reviews, and case reports on keratoconus.
Main Results:
- Atopy and ocular surface inflammation are frequently observed in KC patients, questioning the 'non-inflammatory' definition.
- Comorbidities suggest KC could be an ocular manifestation of systemic diseases.
- Higher prevalence in specific ethnicities challenges KC's status as a rare disease in those populations.
Conclusions:
- Future research should investigate genetic backgrounds and environmental risk factors in high-prevalence populations.
- Reconsidering the inflammatory and systemic aspects of KC is warranted.
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