Brain tumor classification using modified local binary patterns (LBP) feature extraction methods

Automatic classification of brain tumor types is very important for accelerating the treatment process, planning and increasing the patient's survival rate. Today, MR images are used to determine the type of brain tumor. Manual diagnosis of brain tumor type depends on the experience and sensitivity of radiologists. Therefore, researchers have developed many brain tumor classification models to minimize the human factor. In this study, two different feature extraction (nLBP and αLBP) approaches were used to classify the most common brain tumor types; Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary brain tumors. nLBP is formed based on the relationship for each pixel around the neighbors. The nLBP method has a d parameter that specifies the distance between consecutive neighbors for comparison. Different patterns are obtained for different d parameter values. The αLBP operator calculates the value of each pixel based on an angle value. The angle values used for calculation are 0, 45, 90 and 135. To test the proposed methods, it was applied to images obtained from the brain tumor database collected from Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between the years of 2005 and 2010. The classification process was performed by using K-Nearest Neighbor (Knn) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), A1DE, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification methods, with the feature matrices obtained with nLBP, αLBP and classical LBP from the images in the data set. The highest success rate in brain tumor classification was 95.56% with the nLBPd = 1 feature extraction method and Knn model.