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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Epigenomics and the kidney.

Parker C Wilson1, Nicolas Ledru, Benjamin D Humphreys

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenomic profiling and bioinformatics reveal how reversible DNA and histone changes impact kidney development and disease. Multiomics approaches, combining epigenomics with transcriptomics, offer new insights into gene regulation and disease mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications are reversible alterations to DNA and histones that regulate gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
  • These modifications influence chromatin accessibility, playing a crucial role in cellular function and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore epigenomic profiling and bioinformatics techniques for studying kidney development and disease.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding the role of epigenetics in renal biology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing techniques such as DNase-seq, ATAC-seq, and single-cell ATAC-seq to measure DNA and histone modifications.
  • Employing bioinformatics to predict chromatin loops and identify regulatory elements.
  • Integrating epigenomic data with transcriptomic analyses to create multimodal datasets.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the critical role of DNA methylation in nephron progenitor maturation.
  • Identified long-range physical interactions of DNA elements in regulating kidney transcription.
  • Established a framework for understanding the contribution of GWAS risk loci to kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenomics has significantly advanced the understanding of gene architecture and regulation in the kidney.
  • The emergence of multiomics, integrating epigenomic and transcriptomic data, enhances the study of kidney disease and development.