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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators
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Highly tunable second-harmonic generation in all-optically poled silicon nitride waveguides.

Edgars Nitiss, Ozan Yakar, Anton Stroganov

    Optics Letters
    |April 3, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate tunable second-harmonic generation using silicon nitride photonics. This advanced technique allows for broad wavelength tuning across the C-band, essential for optical communications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Nonlinear parametric processes like frequency conversion are crucial for photonic integrated circuits.
    • Developing tunable nonlinear optical devices is essential for advanced photonic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a highly tunable second-harmonic generation (SHG) on a silicon nitride platform.
    • To achieve broad wavelength tuning of SHG by optimizing poling conditions.
    • To investigate the relationship between grating length and exposure time.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible silicon nitride integrated photonic platform.
    • Employed an all-optical poling technique to induce second-order nonlinearity.

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  • Achieved quasi-phase matching (QPM) by avoiding higher-order mode mixing.
  • Leveraged the thermo-optic effect for fine-tuning the QPM wavelength.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated broadly tunable SHG across the C-band (1540 nm to 1560 nm) by varying poling conditions.
    • Achieved a QPM tuning slope of 113.8 pm/°C using the thermo-optic effect.
    • Confirmed the correlation between all-optical grating inscription time and 3 dB QPM bandwidth.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed silicon nitride platform offers a highly tunable nonlinear optical device.
    • The all-optical poling and thermo-optic tuning provide precise control over SHG wavelength.
    • This work paves the way for advanced tunable frequency conversion in integrated photonics.