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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Two-photon gain (TPG) is crucial for optical amplification in nanoscale devices.
    • Superconductors offer unique quantum properties for optical applications.
    • Existing superconductor-based waveguides face limitations in gain efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically demonstrate enhanced two-photon amplification using superconductors.
    • To explore the use of superconductors for both Cooper-pair source and surface plasmon-polariton guiding.
    • To overcome design and fabrication constraints in superconductor-based optical devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of a superconductor-based plasmonic waveguide.
    • Utilizing Cooper-pair superconductors as the gain medium.
    • Investigating surface plasmon-polariton mode confinement.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a three-orders of magnitude enhancement in superconducting two-photon gain (TPG) compared to dielectric waveguides.
    • Demonstrated that TPG increases with carrier concentration in the plasmonic waveguide.
    • Showcased reduced design and fabrication constraints through integrated superconductor-plasmonic structures.

    Conclusions:

    • Superconductor-based plasmonic waveguides significantly enhance two-photon amplification.
    • This approach offers a viable path towards efficient nanoscale optical amplification.
    • The findings pave the way for practical realization of superconducting TPG in devices.