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Face Selective Neural Activity: Comparisons Between Fixed and Free Viewing.

Carmel R Auerbach-Asch1, Oded Bein2, Leon Y Deouell3,4

  • 1The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel. carmel.auerbach@mail.huji.ac.il.

Brain Topography
|April 3, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares event-related potentials (ERPs) and fixation-related potentials (FRPs) to understand face processing during natural vision. The N170 face-effect is comparable across viewing conditions, but eye-movement artifacts must be considered.

Keywords:
Active viewingEEGEvent related potentials (ERP)Eye trackingFacesFixation related potentials (FRP)Free viewingN170

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Electroencephalography (EEG)

Background:

  • Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are standard for studying visual stimuli responses, like the face-selective N170 component.
  • Traditional ERP paradigms use static gaze fixation, neglecting the dynamic role of eye movements in natural vision.
  • Fixation-Related Potentials (FRPs), derived from simultaneous EEG and eye-tracking, address this limitation, enabling study of lexical processing, target detection, and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare face-sensitive brain activity time-locked to abrupt stimulus onset at fixation versus self-generated fixation on a stimulus.
  • To investigate the comparability of the N170 face-effect in free-viewing conditions with classic event-related effects.
  • To highlight the importance of accounting for eye-movement related effects in visual processing studies.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous EEG and eye-tracking were used in three conditions: Free-viewing (FRPs), Cued-viewing (FRPs), and Control (ERPs).
  • A multiple regression approach was employed to differentiate overlapping neural activity components.
  • Dipole simulations were conducted to test the plausibility of proposed explanations for observed differences.

Main Results:

  • The N170 face-effect was observed during the initial fixation on a stimulus, regardless of whether it followed a self-generated saccade or appeared at the fixation point.
  • The N170 face-effect exhibited similar topography across viewing conditions, but significant differences emerged within stimulus categories.
  • These category-specific differences were attributed to the overlap between the fixation-related lambda response and the N170 component.

Conclusions:

  • The N170 face-effect is comparable between free-viewing (FRPs) and classic ERP paradigms, validating its use in naturalistic settings.
  • The study underscores the necessity of considering eye-movement related artifacts, such as the lambda response, when analyzing visual evoked potentials.
  • Category-specific adaptation of the N170 was observed during free viewing, further characterizing its behavior in dynamic visual exploration.