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Ethnicity and Arterial Stiffness.

Aletta E Schutte1,2, Ruan Kruger1, Lebo F Gafane-Matemane1

  • 1From the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (A.E.S., R.K., L.F.G.-M., Y.B., M.S.-K.).

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Early vascular aging, indicated by arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events. People of Black African descent show increased arterial stiffness across life stages compared to White Europeans.

Keywords:
age distributionaortic stiffnessarteriosclerosisblood pressureethnic groupsyouth, African American

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Vascular Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early vascular aging, characterized by increased arterial stiffness, is a potent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality.
  • Ethnic disparities in blood pressure, hypertension, and cardiovascular outcomes are well-documented.
  • Arterial stiffness is a critical indicator of vascular health, independent of traditional risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare studies on arterial stiffness across the life course in diverse ethnic groups.
  • To identify ethnic variations in the development and progression of arterial stiffness.
  • To explore factors contributing to observed ethnic differences in vascular aging.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of major studies comparing arterial stiffness in various ethnic groups.
  • Analysis of data across different age demographics, from children to the elderly.
  • Evaluation of studies considering socioeconomic, psychosocial, and obesity-related factors.

Main Results:

  • Populations of Black African descent generally exhibit higher central arterial stiffness compared to White European samples.
  • Increased arterial stiffness is observed in Black African descent populations across all life stages, with accelerated stiffening in younger individuals.
  • Differences in vascular structure and function are more pronounced where obesity, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors are significant.

Conclusions:

  • Ethnic variations in arterial stiffness exist, with Black African descent populations showing greater central arterial stiffness.
  • Factors beyond genetics, including lifestyle and socioeconomic elements, likely contribute to these disparities.
  • Individuals with stiffer arteries, irrespective of ethnicity, face higher cardiovascular risk and may benefit from early intervention.