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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
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Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

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CRISPR Tools To Control Gene Expression in Bacteria.

Antoine Vigouroux1,2, David Bikard3

  • 1Synthetic Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems offer precise control over bacterial gene expression by blocking DNA transcription or targeting RNA. Understanding these tools is crucial for applications in research and industry.

Keywords:
CRISPRgene silencingtranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbial Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptable for precise gene expression control in bacteria.
  • Engineered Cas effectors bind DNA without cleavage, modulating transcription.
  • These systems can target DNA or RNA for gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas mediated gene expression modulation in bacteria.
  • To review the engineering of CRISPR-Cas tools for fine-tuned gene control and multiplexing.
  • To discuss applications, limitations, and future directions of CRISPR-Cas gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanistic details of Cas effectors blocking transcription initiation or acting as roadblocks.
  • Discussion of CRISPR-Cas systems targeting RNA for post-transcriptional gene silencing.
  • Analysis of applications in high-throughput screening and cross-species implementation.

Main Results:

  • Cas effectors can inhibit or activate transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase.
  • Engineered CRISPR-Cas tools allow for precise, tunable, and multiplexed gene expression control.
  • Caveats include off-target effects and toxicity, necessitating understanding of design principles.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems provide powerful, versatile tools for bacterial gene expression engineering.
  • Further understanding of design rules is essential for optimizing tool efficacy and safety.
  • Applications span basic research, high-throughput screening, and potential industrial/clinical uses in diverse bacteria.