Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

3.0K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
3.0K
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

1.1K
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
1.1K
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

2.0K
When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
2.0K
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

37.0K
The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
37.0K
Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

846
As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
846
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

2.8K
When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bubble explosion induced melt pool instabilities in electron beam melting of aluminum alloy.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Freeform Fabrication of Layered Halide Perovskite Nanowire Heterojunctions.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

3D Printing of Multi-Layer Diffraction Gratings for Additive Mixing of Structural Colors.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Wafer-scale integration of single nanodiamonds via electrostatic-trapping.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Additive manufacturing of metastructures at the micro- and nano-scale.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same author

Nanoprinting with Crystal Engineering for Perovskite Lasers.

ACS nano·2025
Same journal

A tri-axis optomechanical accelerometer with plasmonic MIM waveguide and structural direction-dependent optical signatures.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Holographic leaky-wave antennas with independently controlled multiple counter-rotating vortex beams.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Differential associations of longitudinal hearing and vision trajectories with dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Abdominal obesity and leisure-time sedentary behavior in relation to gastroesophageal reflux disease risk: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Effect of nitrogen-rich COF incorporation on the structure and separation performance of polyamide nanofiltration membranes.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Withanolide A inhibits hIAPP aggregation: An In silico, biophysical, and drosophila-based In vivo validation.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

6.9K

Air evolution during drop impact on liquid pool.

Ji San Lee1, Byung Mook Weon2,3,4, Su Ji Park1

  • 1X-ray Imaging Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.

Scientific Reports
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals how air bubbles form during liquid drop impacts. It identifies key factors like viscosity and surface tension that determine whether a single bubble, double bubble, or antibubble forms.

More Related Videos

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

Published on: August 18, 2018

7.7K
Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

6.9K
Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

Published on: August 18, 2018

7.7K
Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Physics of Liquids
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Drop impact phenomena are crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Understanding air entrapment dynamics is key to controlling impact outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of entrapped air during drop impact across diverse liquid viscosities.
  • To determine the critical factors governing the formation of single bubbles, double bubbles, or antibubbles.
  • To establish a hydrodynamic phase diagram for air evolution in drop impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultrafast X-ray phase-contrast imaging for high-resolution observation.
  • Analyzed the air film retraction mechanism by varying liquid viscosity.
  • Correlated bubble evolution with fluid properties like inertia, capillarity, and viscosity.

Main Results:

  • Identified the criterion for single versus double bubble formation based on competing forces.
  • Observed that low viscosity and low surface tension promote the formation of antibubbles.
  • Developed a phase diagram illustrating air evolution pathways in drop impacts.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of air evolution during drop impacts.
  • The findings offer a predictive framework for controlling bubble formation based on fluid properties.
  • This research has implications for fields involving liquid-gas interactions and surface phenomena.