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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Rhesus Macaque Brain Developmental Trajectory: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Tensor-Based Structural Morphometry and

Jeongchul Kim1,2, Youngkyoo Jung1,2,3, Richard Barcus1,2

  • 1Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory (RIIPL), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brain development in young rhesus monkeys shows transient volume decreases, similar to humans, but with more dynamic regional changes. This study maps the normative developmental trajectory in nonhuman primates (NHPs).

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingmagnetic resonance imagingneurodevelopmentprimatesrhesus macaquetensor-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Understanding nonhuman primate (NHP) brain development is crucial for comparative studies with humans.
  • Previous research suggested transient intracranial volume decreases in late infancy in NHPs, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the normative developmental trajectory of brain structure in rhesus monkeys.
  • To investigate the hypothesized transient intracranial volume decreases during NHP development.
  • To analyze regional heterogeneity, hemispheric asymmetry, and sexual dimorphism in brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal structural MRI data from 28 rhesus monkeys (2-22 months old) were acquired every 3-4 months.
  • Multiscale analyses (whole brain to voxel level) were performed to assess developmental patterns.
  • White matter (WM) fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed alongside regional volumes.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct regional volumetric growth patterns (exponentially decreasing, undulating, linearly increasing) explained the longitudinal brain development.
  • Transient decreases in brain volume were observed, consistent with gray matter contraction in primary functional areas.
  • White matter fractional anisotropy increased with age, while mean diffusivity exhibited biphasic patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The developmental trajectory in young rhesus monkeys mirrors human maturation patterns but displays greater regional dynamism.
  • Transient volumetric decreases followed by rebound-like increases in specific regions and biphasic MD changes characterize NHP brain development.
  • This study provides a detailed map of normative brain development in rhesus monkeys, offering insights into primate neurodevelopmental processes.