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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
702
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
454
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

200
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
200
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

710
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
710
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

212
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Evaluation of a Reliable Biomarker in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis
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An Update on Sepsis Biomarkers.

Mi Hee Kim1, Jung Hyun Choi2

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Infection & Chemotherapy
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Early identification of sepsis, a life-threatening infection response, is crucial. New biomarkers like microRNAs and the human microbiome show promise for faster diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
BiomarkersDiagnosticPrognosticSepsis

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sepsis is a severe, dysregulated response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality.
  • Despite improved treatments, sepsis mortality remains unacceptably high, necessitating earlier diagnosis and intervention.
  • Current diagnostic methods, like cultures, are slow, hindering timely treatment initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in sepsis biomarkers for predicting diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To highlight novel biomarker classes, including microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs, and the human microbiome.
  • To discuss the potential of these biomarkers in guiding sepsis management and monitoring treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on sepsis biomarkers.
  • Analysis of emerging biomarker classes such as non-coding RNAs and microbiome-based markers.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on biomarker utility in sepsis diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Numerous biomarkers have been identified to aid in sepsis diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Novel classes like microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs offer new diagnostic and prognostic potential.
  • The human microbiome is emerging as a significant factor in sepsis development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers are essential for overcoming limitations of traditional sepsis diagnostics.
  • Advanced biomarkers can facilitate earlier sepsis detection, improving patient survival rates.
  • Further research into novel biomarkers like ncRNAs and microbiome signatures is critical for optimizing sepsis care.