Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 25, 2025
07:10
Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies
Published on: January 7, 2019
16.1K
Violaceous nodules in an HIV-positive man
Brian L Scott, Arturo R Dominguez, Khang D Nguyen1
1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Khang.Nguyen@utsouthwestern.edu.
Dermatology Online Journal
|April 3, 2020
Summary
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), an aggressive cancer linked to immune suppression and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can manifest on the skin. This case highlights PBL presenting as leg ulcers and nodules in an HIV-positive individual.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- PBL is strongly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation.
- Immunosuppression is a key risk factor for PBL development.
Observation:
- A case of PBL presenting with unusual cutaneous manifestations is described.
- The patient was an HIV-positive male with leg ulcers and violaceous exophytic nodules.
- These skin lesions represented a rare presentation of PBL.
Findings:
- The study reviews the clinical features, histological findings, and diagnostic considerations for PBL.
- Cutaneous involvement in PBL, though uncommon, can mimic other dermatological conditions.
- Diagnostic challenges include differentiating PBL from other EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering PBL in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in immunocompromised patients.
- Early recognition and diagnosis of cutaneous PBL are crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes.
- Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal management of PBL, particularly its extranodal and cutaneous manifestations, is warranted.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:33Retroviruses
14.4K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.4K
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
6.0K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
6.0K
01:51Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
6.7K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
6.7K
01:25Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
285
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
285
01:29Subviral Agents
391
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
391
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
49.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.0K