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Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
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Clearance measures drug elimination from the central compartment, including plasma and highly perfused organs like kidneys and liver. Its calculation varies depending on pharmacokinetic models and administration routes. The one-compartment model, for instance, portrays the pharmacokinetics of polar drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics administered intravenously and readily excreted in urine. In this case, clearance is influenced by the terminal rate constant (λz) and the total volume...
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Dynamically loading IFC models on a web browser based on spatial semantic partitioning.

Hong-Lei Lu1, Jia-Xing Wu1, Yu-Shen Liu2,3

  • 1School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for dynamically loading large Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) models in web browsers. Spatial semantic partitioning (SSP) significantly reduces memory usage, enabling faster loading of Building Information Modeling (BIM) data.

Keywords:
Building information modellingDynamically loading onlineIFC modelsIndustry foundation classes

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Digital Architecture
  • Web Development

Background:

  • Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a key data format for Building Information Modeling (BIM) interoperability.
  • Web-based BIM applications face challenges with loading large IFC models due to high memory consumption and browser crashes.
  • Existing methods for handling large 3D data lack efficiency for complex BIM models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for dynamically loading large IFC models in web browsers.
  • To address the limitations of current approaches in terms of memory usage and loading speed.
  • To enhance the user experience for web-based BIM applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a spatial semantic partitioning (SSP) method for IFC models.
  • Extracted story information and created a server-side component space index table.
  • Implemented dynamic data transmission based on user interaction using Web Graphics Library (WebGL).

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced web browser memory consumption for large IFC models.
  • Enabled fast loading of large IFC models without requiring browser plug-ins.
  • Achieved a better interactive experience by leveraging semantic information within IFC files.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SSP method effectively overcomes the limitations of loading large IFC models on the web.
  • Dynamic loading based on spatial semantic partitioning enhances BIM application performance and user interaction.
  • This approach paves the way for more sophisticated web-based BIM functionalities.