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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Procedural and declarative memory brain systems in developmental language disorder (DLD).

Joanna C Lee1, Peggy C Nopoulos2, J Bruce Tomblin1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.

Brain and Language
|April 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents and young adults with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) show different white matter development in key brain systems. These findings emphasize age-related brain changes in DLD and memory.

Keywords:
Declarative memory brain systemDevelopmental language disorderDiffusion tensor imagingProcedural memory brain system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) affects language skills in children and adults.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of DLD is crucial for effective interventions.
  • White matter integrity is essential for cognitive functions, including memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructural white matter differences in procedural and declarative memory systems.
  • To compare these differences between adolescents/young adults with and without DLD.
  • To explore age-related changes in white matter relevant to memory in DLD.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was employed to assess white matter microstructure.
  • Participants included adolescents and young adults with and without DLD.
  • Analysis focused on specific brain systems: corticostriatal, corticocerebellar, and medial temporal regions.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with DLD exhibited atypical age-related changes in white matter.
  • These differences were observed in the corticostriatal and corticocerebellar systems.
  • Atypical development was also noted in the medial temporal region, crucial for memory.

Conclusions:

  • Age is a significant factor in the study of DLD and its associated neural differences.
  • White matter alterations in DLD impact memory-related brain networks.
  • Further research is needed to understand the developmental trajectory of memory and language in DLD.