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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
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Capsular Injury and Inflammation.

Jad S Husseini1, Marc Levin2, Connie Y Chang1

  • 1Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 6E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for evaluating shoulder joint stability structures. Understanding normal and abnormal appearances of the glenohumeral joint capsule and ligaments helps diagnose injuries and conditions like adhesive capsulitis.

Keywords:
Adhesive capsulitisGlenohumeral capsuleGlenohumeral jointGlenohumeral ligamentsGlenoid labrum

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic imaging
  • Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal radiology

Background:

  • The glenohumeral joint capsule and ligaments are vital for shoulder stability.
  • MR imaging is the preferred modality for evaluating these structures.
  • Recognizing normal and abnormal appearances is key to accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of MR imaging in assessing shoulder capsular and ligamentous structures.
  • To familiarize readers with the imaging features of common shoulder pathologies.
  • To emphasize the role of MR imaging in diagnosing injuries and adhesive capsulitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MR imaging findings of the glenohumeral joint capsule and ligaments.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentations of shoulder pathology.
  • Emphasis on characteristic imaging features of traumatic injuries and adhesive capsulitis.

Main Results:

  • MR imaging effectively visualizes the capsular and ligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint.
  • Injuries, particularly to the inferior glenohumeral ligament and axillary pouch, are common in trauma.
  • Adhesive capsulitis presents with distinct MR imaging features.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of shoulder MR imaging is essential for diagnosing capsular and ligamentous pathology.
  • Prompt recognition of injuries and conditions like adhesive capsulitis improves patient management.
  • MR imaging plays a critical role in evaluating shoulder stability and identifying sources of pain and dysfunction.