Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.4K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.4K
Entropy02:39

Entropy

34.6K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
34.6K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.6K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
4.6K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

26.4K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
26.4K
Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

66.9K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
66.9K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

6.5K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pseudocriticality in Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Entanglement Entropy and Deconfined Criticality: Emergent SO(5) Symmetry and Proper Lattice Bipartition.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Universal Features of Entanglement Entropy in the Honeycomb Hubbard Model.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

New Easy-Plane CP^{N-1} Fixed Points.

Physical review letters·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K

Entanglement Entropy from Nonequilibrium Work.

Jonathan D'Emidio1

  • 1Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to estimate Rényi entanglement entropy in quantum systems using nonequilibrium work. This approach enhances efficiency, enabling the study of larger quantum many-body systems.

More Related Videos

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.9K
Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.9K
Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Quantum Information Theory

Background:

  • Rényi entanglement entropy quantifies correlations in quantum systems.
  • It's traditionally calculated via free energy differences of partition functions.
  • Calculating entanglement entropy in large systems is computationally demanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, efficient method for estimating Rényi entanglement entropy.
  • To leverage nonequilibrium work fluctuation theorems for entanglement entropy calculations.
  • To enable the study of larger and more complex quantum many-body systems.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing an external field (λ) to control partition function topology.
  • Defining nonequilibrium work by smoothly varying the external field.
  • Applying nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems to estimate Rényi entanglement entropy.
  • Utilizing quench functions with smooth spatial profiles to average lattice details.

Main Results:

  • Statistically exact estimates of Rényi entanglement entropy are obtained.
  • The method allows averaging over lattice-scale features while preserving universal long-distance information.
  • Significant computational efficiency gains were achieved.
  • Unprecedented system sizes (up to 192×96 spins) were accessed for SU(N) spin models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides an efficient and accurate method for calculating Rényi entanglement entropy.
  • This technique opens new avenues for studying quantum many-body systems, particularly at large scales.
  • The method is applicable to quantum Monte Carlo simulations of various spin models.