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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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Three-Dimensional Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy in Whole-Cell and Tissue Specimens.

Sheng Liu1, Hyun Huh2, Sang-Hyuk Lee2,3

  • 1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;

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|April 4, 2020
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Summary

Super-resolution microscopy achieves nanoscale imaging in thick biological samples. This review covers challenges and solutions for 3D single-molecule localization microscopy in cells and tissues.

Keywords:
CRLBCramér–Rao lower boundadaptive opticsfluorescence microscopylight-sheet microscopysuper-resolution microscopytissue imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Microscopy
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Super-resolution microscopy visualizes cellular structures and protein functions.
  • Thick specimens limit resolution and imaging depth in nanoscopy.
  • 3D single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is crucial for nanoscale imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review major roadblocks in 3D SMLM for thick specimens.
  • Discuss developing solutions for nanoscale imaging in cells and tissues.
  • Highlight innovations and their trade-offs.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on 3D single-molecule localization microscopy.
  • Review challenges: background fluorescence, aberrations, photon information, drift, reconstruction, photobleaching.
  • Analyze innovative solutions and their core concepts.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges hindering nanoscale resolution in thick samples.
  • Presented various strategies to overcome limitations in 3D SMLM.
  • Showcased breakthroughs in resolving thick biological volumes.

Conclusions:

  • 3D SMLM faces significant hurdles in thick specimens.
  • Ongoing innovations are improving resolution and depth.
  • Further advancements are needed for comprehensive nanoscale imaging.