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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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MK-7 and Its Effects on Bone Quality and Strength.

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  • 1R&D division, J-OILMILLS, Inc., Yokohama 230-0053, Japan.

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|April 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin K2 (MK-7) effectively promotes bone health by enhancing vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation at nutritional doses. Unlike other forms, MK-7 offers superior bioavailability and a longer half-life for improved efficacy.

Keywords:
bone metabolismbone qualitymenaquinone-7osteocalcinvitamin K2

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutrition Science
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Vitamin K is essential for post-translational gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs).
  • Current Recommended Daily Intakes (RDIs) for vitamin K are based on coagulation needs and may not optimize extrahepatic VKDP function.
  • Vitamin K1 and MK-4 show limited efficacy in promoting gamma-carboxylation of key bone proteins like osteocalcin (OC) at RDI levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct properties and efficacy of MK-7 (vitamin K2) in promoting the gamma-carboxylation of extrahepatic VKDPs.
  • To highlight MK-7's potential role in improving bone mineral density, quality, and strength.
  • To discuss the need for establishing RDIs based on the relative activities of different vitamin K homologs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on vitamin K homologs, focusing on MK-7.
  • Analysis of studies comparing the bioavailability, half-life, and efficacy of Vitamin K1, MK-4, and MK-7.
  • Examination of the impact of MK-7 on osteocalcin and Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) carboxylation.

Main Results:

  • MK-7 demonstrates superior bioavailability and a longer half-life compared to Vitamin K1 and MK-4.
  • MK-7 effectively promotes gamma-carboxylation of extrahepatic VKDPs, including OC and MGP, at nutritional doses near RDI.
  • MK-7 intake is associated with increased bone mineral density and improved bone quality and strength.

Conclusions:

  • MK-7 is a highly effective form of vitamin K for supporting bone health due to its pharmacokinetic advantages and biological activity.
  • Distinct RDIs for different vitamin K forms, such as MK-7, should be considered based on their specific bioactivities.
  • Further research into MK-7's role in collagen production and bone strength is warranted.