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Do Foliar Endophytes Matter in Litter Decomposition?

Emily R Wolfe1, Daniel J Ballhorn1

  • 1Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fungal endophytes in plant leaves influence how quickly litter decomposes. This review highlights their varied roles and calls for considering these interactions in decomposition studies.

Keywords:
bacteriaecosystem processesfungimicrobe–microbe interactionsplant–microbe interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mycology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Litter decomposition is a crucial ecosystem process influenced by abiotic and biotic factors.
  • Fungal endophytes residing within host plant tissues are recognized as significant biotic factors affecting decomposition.
  • Understanding the specific roles of foliar endophytes is essential for accurate ecological modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To broadly analyze the findings of 67 studies on the roles of foliar endophytes in litter decomposition.
  • To compile a comprehensive table of leaf-associated fungal taxa and their characteristics.
  • To assess the representation of aquatic decomposition studies and identify climate and host-specific associations of fungal endophytes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 67 studies.
  • Compilation of a database of 710 leaf-associated fungal taxa, detailing tissue association, endophytic/epiphytic status, and saprophytic abilities.
  • Indicator species analyses to identify climate and host plant associations.

Main Results:

  • Foliar fungal endophytes significantly impact litter decomposition rates.
  • A comprehensive table of 710 fungal taxa was created, detailing their ecological roles.
  • Aquatic decomposition studies involving endophyte-affected litter were found to be significantly under-represented.
  • Specific fungal endophyte groups showed significant associations with climate (cool/tropical) and plant host genera.

Conclusions:

  • Host plant and fungal endophyte interactions are critical determinants of litter decomposition rates.
  • These interactions must be considered in both terrestrial and aquatic decomposition experiments for robust interpretations.
  • Further research is needed to address the under-representation of aquatic decomposition studies.