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Relationship between directed visual attention and saccadic reaction times.

D Braun1, B G Breitmeyer

  • 1Abteilung für Klinische Neurologie und Neurophysiologie, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.

Experimental Brain Research
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Saccadic reaction time (SRT) is not solely dependent on fixation point offset. Attention disengagement from visual stimuli, taking about 100 ms, significantly influences SRT, enabling express saccades within a specific time window.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Oculomotor Research
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Previous research indicates saccadic reaction time (SRT) is influenced by the interval between fixation point offset and target onset.
  • The role of attention in modulating SRT requires further investigation, particularly concerning stimulus offset timing relative to target presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if SRT is affected by the temporal interval between the offset of an attended peripheral stimulus and the onset of a saccade target.
  • To determine the time course of attention disengagement and its impact on saccadic latencies.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed saccades to a target presented after a peripheral attention stimulus was extinguished at variable intervals (-500 ms to 500 ms) before or after target onset.

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  • Overlap trials involved attention stimulus offset after target onset, while gap trials had offset before target onset.

    • Main Results:

    • A constant mean SRT of approximately 240 ms was observed for overlap trials.
    • Gap trials revealed a U-shaped function for SRT, with a minimum latency of 140 ms at a 200 ms gap duration.
    • Express saccades were facilitated within a 300 ms gap duration, with SRTs increasing at longer intervals.

    Conclusions:

    • Saccadic latencies are primarily determined by the disengagement of attention from a visual location, not merely the cessation of fixation.
    • The process of attention disengagement takes approximately 100 ms.
    • The ability to generate express saccades is time-limited, dependent on maintaining an attentional disengaged state for a limited period.