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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Parathyroid cancer: An update.

Juan P Rodrigo1, Juan C Hernandez-Prera2, Gregory W Randolph3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain.

Cancer Treatment Reviews
|April 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy. Early surgical removal is crucial for curative treatment and preventing severe hypercalcemia, despite its slow-growing nature and high recurrence rates.

Keywords:
CDC73 geneHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismParathyroid cancerPrognosisTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for 0.5-5% of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases.
  • PC can be sporadic or associated with genetic syndromes like HPT-JT and MEN types 1 and 2A.
  • Distinguishing PC from benign parathyroid conditions (adenoma, hyperplasia) is clinically challenging due to overlapping features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of parathyroid cancer.
  • To summarize findings from the largest case series published in the last decade.
  • To highlight key aspects of PC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published over the past 10 years.
  • Analysis and synthesis of data from the largest reported series on parathyroid cancer.
  • Focus on clinical, biochemical, radiological, and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Parathyroid cancer presents with elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, but lacks specific diagnostic markers.
  • Complete surgical resection with clear margins is the only curative treatment, significantly impacting outcomes.
  • PC has a high recurrence rate (up to 50%) but favorable 10-year survival (60-70%) due to slow growth; death is often due to hypercalcemia.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and timely, complete surgical resection are paramount for managing parathyroid cancer.
  • Despite challenges in differentiation and high recurrence, parathyroid cancer can have favorable long-term survival if managed appropriately.
  • Hypercalcemia remains a critical factor influencing morbidity and mortality in parathyroid cancer patients.