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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
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Endosomal microdomains: Formation and function.

Anne Norris1, Barth D Grant1

  • 1Rutgers University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endosomal microdomains, regulated by protein coats like ESCRT and Retromer, dynamically interact to control cargo sorting for degradation or recycling. These interactions allow cells to adapt sorting processes based on internal and external cues.

Keywords:
ActinClathrinDNAJC13ESCRTEndosomeHRSILVMicrodomainPhospholipidRME-8RetromerSNX-1SNX1mTORC1

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular and cell biology
  • Endosomal trafficking

Background:

  • Endocytosis delivers internalized cargo to endosomes for sorting.
  • Endosomal membranes feature microdomains with distinct functions, such as cargo degradation or recycling.
  • Protein coats like ESCRT and Retromer are key to cargo sorting within these domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding how protein coats create and maintain endosomal microdomains.
  • To explore the interplay between adjacent endosomal microdomains.
  • To highlight the role of microdomain interactions in cellular response to signals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on endosomal sorting complexes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating protein coat function in microdomain formation.
  • Examination of data on cross-regulation between adjacent endosomal microdomains.

Main Results:

  • Protein coats, including ESCRT and Retromer, are crucial for establishing endosomal microdomains.
  • Adjacent microdomains are not isolated but interact and influence each other's function.
  • These interactions enable dynamic regulation of cargo sorting.

Conclusions:

  • Endosomal microdomain interactions provide an agile system for cellular cargo sorting.
  • Cross-regulation allows cells to adjust sorting in response to extracellular and intracellular signals.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to comprehending endosomal function.