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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
Update on Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection
Janice M Cho1, Darrell S Pardi2, Sahil Khanna2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Abstract:
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of health care-associated infections in the United States. The increasing incidence and recurrence rates of CDI together with its associated morbidity and mortality are great concerns. Newer treatment methods, such as narrow-spectrum antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, and microbial replacement therapies, are being developed and implemented. We searched PubMed to identify published literature from 2010 to 2018 using the following keywords: Clostridium difficile, treatment, and therapy. Cited references were also used to identify relevant literature. This review focuses on the current standard of therapy and emerging therapies for CDI and summarizes the updated guidelines on treatment of CDI.
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